中考名词考点全解析
名词的用法:名词(n.)表示人或事物名称的词。主要可分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词有单复数变化,不可数名词没有单复数变化。
1.可数名词单数前方要有限定词(冠词,形容词性物主代词,名词所有格)。
如:adog,abook,anapple,anhour,mybag,yourfather,Tom’sfriend
2.可数名词的单数变复数规则:
(1)一般情况下在单数名词后加“s”,如,book-books,day-days,job-jobs;(2)以字母s,sh,ch,x结尾的单词在末尾加“es”如,bus-buses,watch-watches,brush-brushes,box-boxes;
(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的单词,变y为i再加es,如story-stories,family-families,party-parties;
(4)以f/fe结尾的单词,变f/fe为v再加es,如wolf-wolves,knife-knives;(5)以字母o结尾的单词一般情况下加s,但这四个单词要加es,potato,tomato,hero,negro;
(6)不规则变化foot-feet,tooth-teeth,goose-geese,mouse-mice,man-men,woman-women,ox-oxen,child-children,sheep-sheep,deer-deer,fish-fish,Japanese-Japanese,Chinese-Chinese,Swiss-Swiss,Frenchman-Frenchmen,German-Germans,American-Americans,Russian-Russians
名词变复数不规则变化小口诀:
男人女人a变e,oo变ee。小孩后面加个“人”,老鼠变成ice。
绵羊小鹿一个样
3.不可数名词没有复数形式,表达数量要借助量词,如apieceof,abottleof,acupof,apairof,变复数把量词变复数,如acupofmilk-twocupsofmilk,apieceofpaper-fourpiecesofpaper.
4.名词所有格:一般来说有生命的名词,在不以s结尾的单词后加“’s”,在以s结尾的单词后加“’”,表示“……的”如theteacher’sbook,theboy’sbasketball,thegirls’father,thechildren’sclassroom;
无生命的名词用”of+名词”,如thegateoftheschool,thecoverofthebook;
有一些表示时间、距离、国家、城镇的无生命名词也可在后加“‘s”如,fiveminutes’walk,today’snewspaper,threedays’holiday.
用and并列两个或两个以上的名词,如果某物为两人共同所有,在最后一个名词上加’s;如果不是共有,则两个名词都要加‘s.如,TomandJack’sroom(共有),Tom’sandJack’srooms
双重所有格:由“of+名词所有格”构成。区别这两个短语
aphotoofTom;aphotoofTom’s
aphotoofmeaphotoofmine
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